联邦存款保险公司（Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation,FDIC)是由美国国会在1930年大萧条时期大量银行被挤兑后创立的。截至2007年底，它已拥有524亿美元的国家储蓄保险基金。

　　为恢复存款人对银行系统的信任，美国在大危机后的1934年，根据《1933年银行法》建立了联邦存款保险公司。联邦存款保险公司由理事会负责管理，理事会成员内5人组成，其成员包括货币监理署总监、储蓄管理办公室主任以及总统任命的其他3名理事(含理事会主席)。

　　美国法律要求国民银行、联邦储备体系会员银行必须参加存款保险，不是联邦储备体系成员的州立银行和其他金融机构可自愿参加保险。目前，新成立的银行都必须投保。实际上，美国几乎所有的银行都参加了保险。联邦存款保险公司对每个账户的保险金额最高为10万美元。

　　联邦存款保险公司的资本来源于向投保银行收取的保险费。1999年以前保费按固定比例收取，现改按差别比例收取。收取比例确定的依据是，先按资本充足情况将投保银行分为上、中、下三组，再按监管情况分为A、B、C三组，然后分别确定不同档次的保费收取比例。保费收取比例最高为27／10000；最低为 0。同时法律授权联邦存款保险公司在紧急情况下，有权向美国财政部借款300亿美元。

　　The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is a United States government corporation created by the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933. It provides deposit insurance which guarantees the safety of checking and savings deposits in member banks, currently up to $100,000 per depositor per bank. The vast number of bank failures in the Great Depression spurred the United States Congress to create an institution to guarantee deposits held by commercial banks, inspired by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and its Depositors Insurance Fund (DIF).

　　The FDIC insures accounts at different banks separately. For example, a person with accounts at two separate banks (not merely branches of the same bank) can keep $100,000 in each account and be insured for the total of $200,000. Also, accounts in different ownerships (such as beneficial ownership, trusts, and joint accounts) are considered separately for the $100,000 insurance limit. The Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 raised the amount of insurance for an Individual Retirement Account to $250,000.